Total RNA isolation is a fundamental step in numerous molecular biology investigations. This process involves the careful separation of total RNA from diverse biological samples, such as tissues, cells, and body fluids. The objective is to obtain high-quality RNA that is undegraded from contaminating substances. A variety of methods are available

RNA is a fragile molecule that is easily degraded by enzymes called RNases. Therefore, it is essential to carefully handle RNA samples and use aseptic techniques during isolation and purification processes. There are several methods available for isolating RNA from various tissues, including {phenol-chloroform extraction, column chromatography, and